4 – God?

It is a common temptation to see God as a sort of superhuman, created in our image but perfected, no character flaws, no sin, and the ability to do perfectly all the things we fail to do or do imperfectly. He is sometimes seen as the kindly “Man Upstairs,” waiting to hear from us and promising to do what we want done. “God is good!” is a true statement depending on the meaning of “good”, but these primitive views of God don’t even touch the whole truth.

The Universe

Catholic theology is that we are not the model for God but are created in the spiritual image of God which enables us to have enough understanding to profess belief in One God, the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible. The memorized words just flow. But if we think seriously about “all things visible and invisible,” the universe, heaven, angels, space, and spirits, we realize how primitive our understanding of God the Creator must be. “I asked Grok about the universe, and this is the secular description I got of what Catholics profess to believe God created.

Our universe is a vast, dynamic, and complex expanse that began approximately 13.8 billion years ago with the Big Bang, an event that marked the origin of space, time, matter, and energy. It is characterized by its immense scale—spanning at least 93 billion light-years in diameter, though its true size may be infinite or beyond observation due to the limits of light travel. The universe is composed of roughly 5% ordinary matter (stars, planets, gas), 27% dark matter (invisible, gravitationally influential), and 68% dark energy (driving accelerated expansion).

It is structured hierarchically: particles form atoms, atoms form molecules, and these coalesce into stars, planets, and galaxies, which cluster into superclusters connected by cosmic webs of filaments, walls, and voids. Galaxies, like our Milky Way, contain billions of stars and diverse phenomena, from black holes to nebulae. The universe is governed by fundamental forces—gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak nuclear forces—described by physical laws, though mysteries like quantum gravity and the nature of dark matter remain unresolved.

The universe is expanding, as evidenced by the redshift of distant galaxies, with its rate accelerating due to dark energy. Its geometry appears flat on large scales, and its evolution includes epochs like the cosmic microwave background (CMB) formation, galaxy formation, and the eventual fate, potentially a “Big Freeze” as expansion continues. It hosts a rich array of phenomena, from supernovae to gravitational waves, and possibly life, though Earth remains the only confirmed habitable world.

Philosophically, the universe raises profound questions about its origin, purpose, and whether it is unique or part of a multiverse. Scientifically, it is studied through telescopes, particle accelerators, and simulations, yet much remains unknown, making it a humbling and awe-inspiring frontier of exploration.

Impressive and sobering, isn’t it? Note that Grok credits the Big Bang with origin of the universe but doesn’t include any suggestions about what went Bang and where that came from. There is only a brief mention of life and none of evolution, but we should have no problem believing that God, a spirit outside of space and time, eternal, all knowing, all seeing, and everywhere present, chose such as his means of creation. It is beyond our imagination though not beyond our willingness to believe.

Catholic Teaching About God

One approach I took to exploring this question about God was to ask Magisterium.com to prepare a brief but complete summary of Catholic teaching about God. This is what I got:

The Catholic Church teaches that God is one yet exists as a Trinity of three distinct Persons: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit. This central doctrine of Christianity affirms that these three Persons are co-eternal, co-equal, uncreated, and omnipotent, sharing one divine nature or substance.

The Mystery of the Trinity: The Trinity is considered a profound mystery, revealed by God Himself, particularly through the person, works, and words of Jesus Christ. While the Old Testament emphasized the unity of God, it also foreshadowed the mystery of the Trinity, which was fully explicated in the New Testament. Jesus explicitly named these Persons when he commanded the Apostles to baptize “in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit” (Matthew 28:19).

Distinct Yet Inseparable Persons: The three divine Persons are truly distinct from one another, with their distinction residing solely in their relationships of origin.

  • The Father is eternally Father in relation to His only Son.
  • The Son is eternally Son only in relation to His Father.
  • The Holy Spirit proceeds eternally from the Father and the Son.

Despite these distinctions, the Persons are inseparable in their being and actions. They are not three Gods, but one God. For example, creation is attributed to the Trinity as a whole, not some parts by the Father, some by the Son, and some by the Holy Spirit. Similarly, salvation is achieved by the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit together.

Attributes of God: God is revealed as infinitely holy, possessing perfections such as omnipotence, infinite knowledge, providence, will, and love. He is “He who is,” as revealed to Moses, and is also love, as taught by St. John. These names, “being” and “love,” express the same divine reality of God, who dwells in “light inaccessible” and is beyond all created intellect.

Humanity’s Relationship with God: Through faith, believers come to understand that their life, beginning at baptism, involves acquiring a more intimate familiarity with the three divine Persons. Christians are called to share in God’s divine nature through the gift of the Holy Spirit. The revelation of God as Trinity also highlights that God is an infinite communion of love, and humanity is called by grace to become His children in the Spirit 10.

Sacred Scripture About God?

Finally, I asked both Grok and Magisterium for Bible verses that support the teaching of the Catholic Church about God. There were some differences in the two lists, but all seemed appropriate and are included here.

Bible verses that explain Catholic belief about the nature of God.

Genesis 1:1-2 In the beginning when God created[a] the heavens and the earth, the earth was a formless void and darkness covered the face of the deep, while a wind from God[b] swept over the face of the waters.Bottom of Form

Exodus 3:14 God said to Moses, “I am who I am.”[a] He said further, “Thus you shall say to the Israelites, ‘I am has sent me to you.’”
Exodus 34:6 The Lord passed before him, and proclaimed, “The Lord, the Lord,
a God merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness,

Deuteronomy 6:4 Hear, O Israel: The Lord is our God, the Lord alone.

Psalm 90:2 Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever you had formed the earth and the world, from everlasting to everlasting you are God.

Isaiah 55:8-9 For my thoughts are not your thoughts, nor are your ways my ways, says the Lord. For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways and my thoughts than your thoughts.

Matthew 28:19 Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit,
John 1:1-5, 9, 14, 18 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things came into being through him, and without him not one thing came into being. What has come into being in him was life,[a] and the life was the light of all people. The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it. The true light, which enlightens everyone, was coming into the world.14 And the Word became flesh and lived among us, and we have seen his glory, the glory as of a father’s only son,[d] full of grace and truth. 18 No one has ever seen God. It is God the only Son,[e] who is close to the Father’s heart,[f] who has made him known.
John 3:16 For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him may not perish but may have eternal life.

John 4:24 God is spirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit and truth.

John 10:30 The Father and I are one.

Acts 5:3-4 “Ananias,” Peter asked, “why has Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit and to keep back part of the proceeds of the land? While it remained unsold, did it not remain your own? And after it was sold, were not the proceeds at your disposal? How is it that you have contrived this deed in your heart? You did not lie to us[a] but to God!”

1 John 4:8 Whoever does not love does not know God, for God is love.

1 John 4:13 By this we know that we abide in him and he in us, because he has given us of his Spirit.

1 John 5:6 This is the one who came by water and blood, Jesus Christ, not with the water only but with the water and the blood. And the Spirit is the one that testifies, for the Spirit is the truth.

1 John 5:11-12 And this is the testimony: God gave us eternal life, and this life is in his Son. Whoever has the Son has life; whoever does not have the Son of God does not have life.

Why Theology (About this series of posts)

3.5 – My Theological Journey

I grew up in the shadow of the East Tennessee Smoky Mountains. All my exposure to church was Southern Baptist. I remember my dad’s skepticism about local Episcopal and Presbyterian churches. They did not forbid alcohol consumption!

Except for some delinquency during my college years, I have always been a church attender actively involved in whatever church I was a member of and that was certainly true of the Baptist Churches I joined (except that one in my college town).

In my thirties, I questioned the Baptist policy of requiring Presbyterians and Methodists who had married a Baptist to be baptized by total immersion before being granted Baptist membership. In discussion of that with a friend, I recall him saying that it took more to be a Baptist than to be a Christian. Well, I knew that was wrong and was one factor that made transfer of membership to a Southern Presbyterian church easy.

I was quite happy in Presbyterian churches for a couple of decades until transferred to northern New York. I looked for a Presbyterian church there and found them all unwelcoming and uninspiring. A warm and enthusiastic welcome to a Missouri Synod Lutheran Church, initiated a couple of decades as a Lutheran involving active membership in four Lutheran churches in different cities.

Upon retirement, I spent three years at a Lutheran Seminary, not seeking ordination but just staying busy, exercising the mind, and looking for information and understanding. I even took Greek and Hebrew and wish I could still remember what I had to remember then to pass the exams. That seminary experience was my first serious exposure to the history and theology of the first 1500 pre-reformation years of the church, and it made transfer to the Catholic Church easy when my ELCA Lutheran church started revising fundamental theological principles.

That is the short story of my journey through Baptist, Presbyterian, and Lutheran churches to the 2011 reception to the Catholic Church. I hope that sharing the story will lend some credibility to this current series of posts on Catholic theology.

I want to assure readers that I don’t question the professed faith of Christians outside the Catholic Church. I deplore the way some Protestants and Catholics view each other, sometimes with scorn or pity and, a few hundred years ago, even killing each other.

I suggest that a Catholic who does not understand the theology of a different denomination has no business criticizing it. And a Protestant who does not understand Catholic theology has no business criticizing it. Catholic theology is much more complex than Protestant theology, probably due to its 2000-year age, and needs some explanation. So that is what I hope to provide in this series of posts.

I’m not an authorized spokesman but will be expressing my opinions based on the education I have experienced, hoping that they are consistent with Catholic teaching. Let me know if you see an error.

3. Scripture, Tradition, and the Magisterium

Introduction

The Catholic Church emphasizes Bible readings in its worship, hearing readings from the Old and New Testaments at Mass and usually hearing a homily about one of those readings. However, tradition and Church authority are also important. The pertinent words from the Nicene Creed are these:

I believe in one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church.

Tradition is a puzzling word needing some explanation. All Christian denominations value tradition, often in the form of their understanding of Bible passages. The simple fact that those understandings vary widely is evidence that Sola Scriptura can be problematic.

 

For example, John 6:22-71 is a passage that is understood differently by Catholics and Baptists. The Baptist tradition is that it is metaphorical or symbolic while the Catholic tradition, based on traditional practices of the early church, is that it is literally true. It is the foundation of Catholic belief in the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, The Lord’s Supper.

 

There are fundamentalist churches that treat the Genesis creation stories as literally true while the Catholic understanding is that they are metaphorical or symbolic while loaded with theological truth.

 

The Catholic view of Matthew 16:18-19 is that it is literally true and is the basis of the Catholic Magisterium while Protestants see it as metaphorical or symbolic, an entirely different tradition.

 

My plan for posts in this series is to identify an important Catholic belief and then to share Bible passages consistent with the belief followed by pertinent sections from the 688-page Catechism of the Catholic Church. Having found AI very useful in finding and organizing pertinent information, I will use Magisterium.com and Grok.com and maybe others as search tools.

 

In the first section below are Bible verses that are understood by the Catholic Church to support those three Catholic fundamentals in the Post Title, Sacred Scripture, Tradition, and The Magisterium.

(1) Sacred Scripture is the Bible, which supplies plenty of evidence that there is more to be known than what is in the Bible.

(2) Tradition merges early pre-Bible Church practices and Church Fathers writings with Sacred Scripture.

(3) The Magisterium is the current Pope and Bishops, successors of Peter and the Apostles, bearing permanent Church responsibility for defining and teaching and protecting the Truth.

 

Sacred Scripture on Scripture, Tradition, and the Magisterium

Matthew 16:18-19 And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it. 19 I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.” (Catholics see this as the establishment of the “one holy, catholic, and apostolic church.”)

Matthew 28:18-20 And Jesus came and said to them, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. 19 Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 and teaching them to obey everything that I have commanded you. And remember, I am with you always, to the end of the age.” (For Catholics, this promises a permanent unique link between Jesus and the Church, led by the Apostles and their successors, the Pope and Bishops.)

Mark 3:14-15 And he appointed twelve, whom he also named apostles,[a] to be with him, and to be sent out to proclaim the message, 15 and to have authority to cast out demons. (Catholics consider the Pope and Bishops to be successors of the Apostles with the same powers and responsibilities.)

Luke 10:16Whoever listens to you listens to me, and whoever rejects you rejects me, and whoever rejects me rejects the one who sent me.

John 16:13 When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all the truth; for he will not speak on his own, but will speak whatever he hears, and he will declare to you the things that are to come.

John 21:25 But there are also many other things that Jesus did; if every one of them were written down, I suppose that the world itself could not contain the books that would be written.

Acts 15:6-7 The apostles and the elders met together to consider this matter. After there had been much debate, Peter stood up and said to them, “My brothers, you know that in the early days God made a choice among you, that I should be the one through whom the Gentiles would hear the message of the good news and become believers. –

1 Corinthians 11:2 I commend you because you remember me in everything and maintain the traditions just as I handed them on to you. –

2 Thessalonians 2:15 So then, brothers and sisters, stand firm and hold fast to the traditions that you were taught by us, either by word of mouth or by our letter.

1 Timothy 3:14-15 I hope to come to you soon, but I am writing these instructions to you so that, 15 if I am delayed, you may know how one ought to behave in the household of God, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and bulwark of the truth. –

1 Timothy 4:6 If you put these instructions before the brothers and sisters, you will be a good servant of Christ Jesus, nourished on the words of the faith and of the sound teaching that you have followed. –

2 Timothy 1:13-14 Hold to the standard of sound teaching that you have heard from me, in the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus. 14 Guard the good treasure entrusted to you, with the help of the Holy Spirit living in us. –

2 Timothy 2:1-2 You then, my child, be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus; and what you have heard from me through many witnesses entrust to faithful people who will be able to teach others as well. –

2 Peter 1:20-21 First of all you must understand this, that no prophecy of scripture is a matter of one’s own interpretation, 21 because no prophecy ever came by human will, but men and women moved by the Holy Spirit spoke from God. –

 2 Peter 3:15-16 Regard the patience of our Lord as salvation. So also our beloved brother Paul wrote to you according to the wisdom given him, 16 speaking of this as he does in all his letters. There are some things in them hard to understand, which the ignorant and unstable twist to their own destruction, as they do the other scriptures. –

 

Catechism of the Catholic Church on Scripture, Tradition, and the Magisterium

Article 2 of the 688-page Catechism is titled The Transmission of Divine Revelation and includes these three topics. Recommended only for the curious, it is copied below and is accessible at the hot links. For a quick summary of the key points, scroll down to IN BRIEF.

  • I. The Apostolic Tradition
  • CCC-75 “Christ the Lord, in whom the entire Revelation of the most high God is summed up, commanded the apostles to preach the Gospel, which had been promised beforehand by the prophets, and which he fulfilled in his own person and promulgated with his own lips. In preaching the Gospel, they were to communicate the gifts of God to all men. This Gospel was to be the source of all saving truth and moral discipline.”32
  • In the apostolic preaching. . .
  • CCC-76 In keeping with the Lord’s command, the Gospel was handed on in two ways:
    – orally “by the apostles who handed on, by the spoken word of their preaching, by the example they gave, by the institutions they established, what they themselves had received – whether from the lips of Christ, from his way of life and his works, or whether they had learned it at the prompting of the Holy Spirit”;33
    – in writing “by those apostles and other men associated with the apostles who, under the inspiration of the same Holy Spirit, committed the message of salvation to writing”.34
  • . . . continued in apostolic succession
  • CCC-77 “In order that the full and living Gospel might always be preserved in the Church the apostles left bishops as their successors. They gave them their own position of teaching authority.”35Indeed, “the apostolic preaching, which is expressed in a special way in the inspired books, was to be preserved in a continuous line of succession until the end of time.”36
  • CCC-78 This living transmission, accomplished in the Holy Spirit, is called Tradition, since it is distinct from Sacred Scripture, though closely connected to it. Through Tradition, “the Church, in her doctrine, life and worship, perpetuates and transmits to every generation all that she herself is, all that she believes.”37“The sayings of the holy Fathers are a witness to the life-giving presence of this Tradition, showing how its riches are poured out in the practice and life of the Church, in her belief and her prayer.”38
  • CCC-79 The Father’s self-communication made through his Word in the Holy Spirit, remains present and active in the Church: “God, who spoke in the past, continues to converse with the Spouse of his beloved Son. and the Holy Spirit, through whom the living voice of the Gospel rings out in the Church – and through her in the world – leads believers to the full truth, and makes the Word of Christ dwell in them in all its richness.”39
  • II. The Relationship Between Tradition and Sacred Scripture
  • One common source. . .
  • CCC-80 “Sacred Tradition and Sacred Scripture, then, are bound closely together, and communicate one with the other. For both of them, flowing out from the same divine well-spring, come together in some fashion to form one thing, and move towards the same goal.”40Each of them makes present and fruitful in the Church the mystery of Christ, who promised to remain with his own “always, to the close of the age”.41
  • . . . two distinct modes of transmission
  • CCC-81 “Sacred Scripture is the speech of God as it is put down in writing under the breath of the Holy Spirit.”42
  • “and [Holy] Tradition transmits in its entirety the Word of God which has been entrusted to the apostles by Christ the Lord and the Holy Spirit. It transmits it to the successors of the apostles so that, enlightened by the Spirit of truth, they may faithfully preserve, expound and spread it abroad by their preaching.”43
  • CCC-82 As a result the Church, to whom the transmission and interpretation of Revelation is entrusted, “does not derive her certainty about all revealed truths from the holy Scriptures alone. Both Scripture and Tradition must be accepted and honoured with equal sentiments of devotion and reverence.”44
  • Apostolic Tradition and ecclesial traditions
  • CCC-83 The Tradition here in question comes from the apostles and hands on what they received from Jesus’ teaching and example and what they learned from the Holy Spirit. the first generation of Christians did not yet have a written New Testament, and the New Testament itself demonstrates the process of living Tradition.
  • Tradition is to be distinguished from the various theological, disciplinary, liturgical or devotional traditions, born in the local churches over time. These are the particular forms, adapted to different places and times, in which the great Tradition is expressed. In the light of Tradition, these traditions can be retained, modified or even abandoned under the guidance of the Church’s Magisterium.
  • III. The Interpretation of the Heritage of Faith
  • The heritage of faith entrusted to the whole of the Church
  • CCC-84 The apostles entrusted the “Sacred deposit” of the faith (the depositum fidei),45contained in Sacred Scripture and Tradition, to the whole of the Church. “By adhering to [this heritage] the entire holy people, united to its pastors, remains always faithful to the teaching of the apostles, to the brotherhood, to the breaking of bread and the prayers. So, in maintaining, practising and professing the faith that has been handed on, there should be a remarkable harmony between the bishops and the faithful.”46
  • The Magisterium of the Church
  • CCC-85 “The task of giving an authentic interpretation of the Word of God, whether in its written form or in the form of Tradition, has been entrusted to the living teaching office of the Church alone. Its authority in this matter is exercised in the name of Jesus Christ.”47This means that the task of interpretation has been entrusted to the bishops in communion with the successor of Peter, the Bishop of Rome.
  • CCC-86 “Yet this Magisterium is not superior to the Word of God, but is its servant. It teaches only what has been handed on to it. At the divine command and with the help of the Holy Spirit, it listens to this devotedly, guards it with dedication and expounds it faithfully. All that it proposes for belief as being divinely revealed is drawn from this single deposit of faith.”48
  • CCC-87 Mindful of Christ’s words to his apostles: “He who hears you, hears me”,49The faithful receive with docility the teachings and directives that their pastors give them in different forms.
  • The dogmas of the faith
  • CCC-88 The Church’s Magisterium exercises the authority it holds from Christ to the fullest extent when it defines dogmas, that is, when it proposes truths contained in divine Revelation or also when it proposes in a definitive way truths having a necessary connection with them.
  • CCC-89 There is an organic connection between our spiritual life and the dogmas. Dogmas are lights along the path of faith; they illuminate it and make it secure. Conversely, if our life is upright, our intellect and heart will be open to welcome the light shed by the dogmas of faith.50
  • CCC-90 The mutual connections between dogmas, and their coherence, can be found in the whole of the Revelation of the mystery of Christ.51“In Catholic doctrine there exists an order or hierarchy 234 of truths, since they vary in their relation to the foundation of the Christian faith.”52
  • The supernatural sense of faith
  • CCC-91 All the faithful share in understanding and handing on revealed truth. They have received the anointing of the Holy Spirit, who instructs them53and guides them into all truth.54
  • CCC-92 “The whole body of the faithful. . . cannot err in matters of belief. This characteristic is shown in the supernatural appreciation of faith (sensus fidei) on the part of the whole people, when, from the bishops to the last of the faithful, they manifest a universal consent in matters of faith and morals.”55
  • CCC-93 “By this appreciation of the faith, aroused and sustained by the Spirit of truth, the People of God, guided by the sacred teaching authority (Magisterium),. . . receives. . . the faith, once for all delivered to the saints. . . the People unfailingly adheres to this faith, penetrates it more deeply with right judgment, and applies it more fully in daily life.”56
  • Growth in understanding the faith
  • CCC-94 Thanks to the assistance of the Holy Spirit, the understanding of both the realities and the words of the heritage of faith is able to grow in the life of the Church:
    – “through the contemplation and study of believers who ponder these things in their hearts”;57it is in particular “theological research [which] deepens knowledge of revealed truth”.58
    – “from the intimate sense of spiritual realities which [believers] experience”,59 The sacred Scriptures “grow with the one who reads them.”60
    – “from the preaching of those who have received, along with their right of succession in the episcopate, the sure charism of truth”.61
  • CCC-95 “It is clear therefore that, in the supremely wise arrangement of God, sacred Tradition, Sacred Scripture and the Magisterium of the Church are so connected and associated that one of them cannot stand without the others. Working together, each in its own way, under the action of the one Holy Spirit, they all contribute effectively to the salvation of souls.”62
  • IN BRIEF
  • CCC-96 What Christ entrusted to the apostles, they in turn handed on by their preaching and writing, under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, to all generations, until Christ returns in glory.
  • CCC-97 “Sacred Tradition and Sacred Scripture make up a single sacred deposit of the Word of God” (DV 10) in which, as in a mirror, the pilgrim Church contemplates God, the source of all her riches.
  • CCC-98 “The Church, in her doctrine, life and worship, perpetuates and transmits to every generation all that she herself is, all that she believes” (DV 8 # 1).
  • CCC-99 Thanks to its supernatural sense of faith, the People of God as a whole never ceases to welcome, to penetrate more deeply and to live more fully from the gift of divine Revelation.
  • CCC-100 The task of interpreting the Word of God authentically has been entrusted solely to the Magisterium of the Church, that is, to the Pope and to the bishops in communion with him.

Any who read all of that from the Catechism may be justified in believing that the Vatican has way too many priests and theologians working on such documents. There are condensed versions, but this one is the whole complicated story copied from the Vatican website. Considering the complexity of God and his creation, it should not be surprising that theology is also complex. (By the way, it is important to point out that Catholics worship not the Church, not the magisterium, not the Bible, not Angels, not Mary, not the Catechism but only the Triune God, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.)

 

 

2. Creation of the Universe

For an introduction to this series of theology inquiries to Magisterium AI see this POST.

Today’s question to Magisterium AI: What does the Catholic Church teach about creation of the universe?

Magisterium Response (Hot links deleted for simplicity)

The Catholic Church teaches that God freely created the universe out of nothing, an act rooted in His wisdom and love. This creation is not the result of necessity, blind fate, or chance.

Creation Ex Nihilo

The doctrine of creatio ex nihilo (creation out of nothing) is a fundamental truth of the Catholic faith. This means that God did not form the world from pre-existing materials, but brought it into being from absolute non-existence. The world began when God’s word drew it out of nothingness, establishing all existent beings, nature, and human history.

This teaching emphasizes that God is not weak, nor did He create from existing matter, but rather, “out of nothing, and without its having any previous existence, God made the universe to exist through His word”. The goodness of God is the sole reason for creation; He was not compelled by any external cause but desired to communicate His goodness to creatures.

The Role of the Trinity in Creation

The New Testament reveals that God created everything through His eternal Word, Jesus Christ, His beloved Son. “In him ‘all things were created, in heaven and on earth… all things were created through him and for him. He is before all things, and in him all things hold together'”.

The Church’s faith also acknowledges the creative action of the Holy Spirit, who is referred to as the “giver of life” and the “Creator Spirit”. Thus, creation is understood as an act of the entire Blessed Trinity.

Purpose and Order of Creation

God created a world that is ordered and good, and He infinitely transcends it. He preserves His creation in being and sustains it, granting it the capacity to act and guiding it toward its fulfillment through His Son and the Holy Spirit.

Human beings, created in God’s image, hold a unique place in this created order. They are called to responsible stewardship of the physical universe, reshaping the natural order under divine providence and acknowledging the sacred character of visible creation. The doctrine of creation ex nihilo underscores the personal character of creation, where the Triune Creator calls beings into existence out of nothingness and then calls them in love. This highlights that “Man is the only creature on earth that God willed for his own sake”.

Would you like to ask Magisterium AI a question? Go HERE and type your question where it says Enter your prompt.

1. Magisterium AI

Artificial Intelligence is the hot news item this year. It is at least a super-fast search engine able to summarize and analyze data. It is projected to save time and money and eliminate millions of jobs. The radical view is that it will eventually eliminate the need for humanity! An issue is that there are hundreds of unique AI software packages accessing different data bases. I accessed infamous Grok.com and made this request: “Tell me about Magisterium AI.” Here are the results, many hot links removed for easy reading.

Grok Opinion of Magisterium AI

Magisterium AI is an artificial intelligence tool developed by Longbeard, designed to make the teachings of the Catholic Church more accessible. It serves as a digital resource for clergy, scholars, students, and laypeople seeking accurate, well-cited information on Catholic doctrine, practices, and history. Here are the key points about Magisterium AI:

  • Purpose and Functionality: Magisterium AI provides answers to questions about Catholic teachings by drawing from a curated database of over 23,000 official Church documents, including the Catechism, papal encyclicals, council decrees, canon law, and the Bible, as well as over 2,300 scholarly works from Church Fathers and Doctors like Aquinas and Augustine. It aims to explain complex theological, philosophical, and historical concepts in simple, understandable terms, offering summaries, contextual information, and citations for further exploration.
  • Features:
    • User-Friendly Interface: The platform is designed for ease of use, accessible via web browsers or mobile apps (iOS and Android), with a straightforward interface for submitting questions and reviewing responses.
    • Multilingual Support: It supports 10 languages, including English, Spanish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Dutch, Russian, Chinese, and Korean, and is used in over 125 countries.
    • Two Prompt Modes: Users can choose between “Magisterium” mode (strictly magisterial documents) and “Scholarly” mode (includes additional works from Church Fathers and Doctors).
    • Citations and Transparency: Every significant answer includes verifiable citations linking to source documents, enabling users to check primary sources.
    • AI-Integrated Bible Study: The tool integrates AI to facilitate personalized Bible study and devotional content tailored to users’ spiritual needs.
    • Digitization Efforts: Through partnerships with pontifical universities, Magisterium AI is digitizing rare manuscripts and archives, expanding its knowledge base with unique content.
  • Use Cases:
    • Clergy: Assists priests in preparing homilies or accessing updated canon law, such as Pope Francis’ Motu Proprio changes.
    • Educators and Catechists: Helps create lesson plans and explain complex concepts for faith formation.
    • Students and Researchers: Supports academic work by providing reliable bibliographies and summaries of Church documents.
    • Laypeople and Non-Profits: Enables deeper engagement with Catholic teachings, aiding personal faith journeys or mission-aligned fundraising.
    • General Curiosity: Answers questions about Catholic rituals, doctrine, or history for Catholics and non-Catholics alike.
  • Limitations and Cautions:
    • Beta Phase: As of 2025, Magisterium AI is still in beta, with ongoing improvements to address inaccuracies or “hallucinations” (AI-generated false information). Users are advised to verify answers with original documents or consult human experts, especially for spiritual or moral guidance.
    • Not Authoritative: It is not an official Church resource and includes disclaimers that it should not replace priests or theologians for pastoral matters.
    • Potential for Errors: While trained on a restricted database to minimize inaccuracies, it can still misinterpret or provide incomplete answers, as seen in cases where it struggled with historical figures’ views or complex theological contradictions.
    • Name Concerns: Some critics find the name “Magisterium” potentially confusing, as it may imply official Church authority, though the creators emphasize it’s a tool, not a replacement for the Magisterium.

I thought that was pretty neat and a lot more than I would have expected from an infamous secular site like Grok.com. I wondered what Magisterium AI thinks of itself, so I gave it the same request: “Tell me about Magisterium AI.” Here is what I got.

Magisterium AI Self-Description

I am Magisterium AI, an AI assistant created by Longbeard. My purpose is to provide accurate answers based on Catholic teachings. I utilize a compound AI system that integrates various technologies, a comprehensive content library, and regularly updated language models to ensure my responses are faithful to Catholic tradition.

I am capable of:

  • Responding to text, images, and PDF documents.
  • Answering complex ethical, religious, and personal questions with unbiased, methodical reasoning.
  • Generating prayers based on official Catholic prayers or creating personal prayers drawing from Catholic resources.

I strive to provide nuanced, well-reasoned, and expansive responses to queries about Church doctrine, ethics, and practices, always adhering to Catholic teachings.

  •  

Well, a lot less information there but no big disagreements!

A Theology Question for Magisterium AI

How about a theology question? I decided on this one: What bible passages support the Catholic belief that it is the church established by Jesus and in continuous existence for about 2000 years? Here is the Magisterium AI response:

The Catholic Church’s belief that it is the one true church established by Jesus Christ, with continuous existence for roughly 2,000 years, is rooted in several Bible passages interpreted through Catholic tradition. Below are key passages often cited to support this belief, along with explanations of how they are understood in Catholic theology. I’ll keep the response concise yet comprehensive, focusing on the most relevant scriptures and their significance.

1. Matthew 16:18-19 – The Foundation of the Church

“And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.”

Catholic Interpretation:

  • Jesus establishes His church on Peter (the “rock”), whom Catholics view as the first pope. The “keys” symbolize authority to govern the church, including teaching and discipline.
  • The promise that “the gates of Hades will not prevail” is seen as assurance of the church’s perpetual existence and protection from error in matters of faith and morals.
  • This passage supports the Catholic claim of apostolic succession, with Peter’s authority passed down through popes, ensuring continuity for 2,000 years.

2. John 21:15-17 – Peter’s Role as Shepherd

“When they had finished breakfast, Jesus said to Simon Peter, ‘Simon, son of John, do you love me more than these?’ He said to him, ‘Yes, Lord; you know that I love you.’ He said to him, ‘Feed my lambs.’ … ‘Tend my sheep.’ … ‘Feed my sheep.’”

Catholic Interpretation:

  • Jesus entrusts Peter with the role of shepherding His flock (the church), reinforcing Peter’s primacy as the leader of the apostles and the church.
  • This commission underscores the pastoral authority of Peter and his successors (popes), who guide the church through history.

3. Matthew 28:18-20 – The Great Commission and Christ’s Presence

“All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you; and behold, I am with you always, to the close of the age.”

Catholic Interpretation:

  • Jesus commissions the apostles to teach and baptize, establishing a mission that the Catholic Church believes it continues.
  • The promise “I am with you always” is interpreted as Christ’s enduring presence in the church, ensuring its continuity and divine guidance through the ages.

4. John 17:20-23 – Prayer for Unity

“I do not pray for these only, but also for those who believe in me through their word, that they may all be one; even as you, Father, are in me, and I in you, that they also may be in us, so that the world may believe that you have sent me.”

Catholic Interpretation:

  • Jesus prays for the unity of His followers, which Catholics believe is realized in the visible unity of the Catholic Church under the pope.
  • This unity is seen as evidence of the church’s divine origin and its role as the one true church, maintained through apostolic succession.

5. Ephesians 4:4-6 – One Body, One Faith

“There is one body and one Spirit, just as you were called to the one hope that belongs to your call, one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of us all, who is above all and through all and in all.”

Catholic Interpretation:

  • The “one body” refers to the church, which Catholics identify as the Catholic Church, unified in doctrine, sacraments, and governance.
  • This passage supports the idea of a single, universal church founded by Christ, distinct from later denominations.

6. 1 Timothy 3:15 – The Church as Pillar and Bulwark of Truth

“…the household of God, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and bulwark of the truth.”

Catholic Interpretation:

  • The church is described as the foundation of truth, which Catholics believe refers to the Catholic Church’s role in preserving and teaching divine revelation.
  • This supports the claim of the church’s enduring authority and continuity in proclaiming the faith.

7. Acts 1:8 and Acts 2:1-4 – The Church’s Mission and the Holy Spirit

“But you shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria and to the end of the earth.” (Acts 1:8) “And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance.” (Acts 2:1-4)

Catholic Interpretation:

  • The descent of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost is seen as the birth of the church, empowering the apostles to spread the Gospel.
  • The Catholic Church views itself as the continuation of this Spirit-guided mission, maintaining its apostolic foundation for 2,000 years.

Supporting Catholic Tradition

While these passages form the biblical basis, Catholic teaching also relies on tradition, including:

  • Apostolic Succession: The unbroken line of bishops from the apostles to the present, particularly through Peter’s successors (popes).
  • Historical Continuity: Early Church Fathers (e.g., Ignatius of Antioch, Irenaeus) refer to the church as “Catholic” and trace its leadership back to Peter and the apostles.
  • Ecumenical Councils: Decisions of councils (e.g., Nicaea, Trent, Vatican II) are seen as guided by the Holy Spirit, preserving the church’s unity and doctrine.

Notes

  • These interpretations are specific to Catholic theology and may differ from Protestant or other Christian perspectives, which might emphasize different passages or interpret them differently (e.g., viewing the “rock” in Matthew 16 as Peter’s faith rather than his person).
  • The claim of 2,000 years of continuous existence is supported by historical records of papal succession and the church’s institutional presence since the 1st century, though critics may point to schisms (e.g., the East-West Schism of 1054) as challenges to this claim. Catholics counter that the Roman Catholic Church remains the true continuation of Christ’s church.

Question for magisterium AI? Go HERE and type your question where it says Enter Your Prompt… Its free up to certain limits.

Curious about Longbeard? Read THIS.

Magisterium AI is available on the Hallow App on iPhones and iPads.

Excusing Past Sins

In 1563, John Foxe, an English clergyman, wrote a book titled Foxe’s Book of Martyrs. In it, he listed Christian martyrs beginning with Stephen, proceeding with the early persecutions of Christians by Rome, persecution by the Christian Church of dissenters, heretics, and troublemakers, Reformation persecutions, and the burning of about 280 English Protestants at the command of Catholic Queen Mary Tudor, sometimes referred to as Bloody Mary. Foxe died in 1587.

Persecution of Christians by the pagan Romans is somewhat understandable. Their whole way of life and governance was being challenged by the followers of Jesus who was believed to be a new King who had risen from the dead and been transported to Heaven to be in the presence of the one true God, a replacement of all those Roman gods.

What is less understandable is how professing Christians, Catholic and Protestant, could have found it necessary to persecute and kill each other over theological issues after having had access to the Gospels and other Sacred Scriptures for more than a thousand years. It seems they should have known, from the teachings of Jesus, that God was not going to be pleased with such behavior. I guess Christian Education was weak at the time.

It wasn’t just Catholic vs. Protestant. I’m reminded of protesting Anabaptists who rejected infant baptism and rebaptized those who had experienced it. Their punishment for such heresy in Zwingli’s Protestant Zurich, Switzerland, was death by drowning, “The Third Baptism.” (See picture below.)

There is a tendency to excuse those historic sins by saying that times and culture were just different, and that things were complicated by the unfortunate mix of Church and State issues. For example, a current article, The Real Story of Bloody Mary, states that “Three hundred people were burned to death in four years–thus the nickname “Bloody Mary” but goes on to say that her action was “typical in a brutal age.” It makes me think of going to Confession, confessing some sin, and then offering some excuses about how it really wasn’t my fault.

It is interesting to consider how much stronger the Christian Church would be in the 21st Century if it did not bear the burden of those historical sins and if we were not bogged down even today in criticisms of each other.

But surely, we Christians can confess and apologize for past sins rather than make excuses for them and spend our time now discussing theological differences, looking for and expanding common ground, spending more time explaining why we believe rather than just stating what we believe. Such an approach should be more helpful than criticizing and condemning each other.

And I’m wondering if those Protestants killed by Catholics, Catholics killed by Protestants, and Anabaptists killed by Zwingli’s crowd shouldn’t all be recognized and prayed for by the various guilty Churches.

Below is an image I purchased from Alamy.com. It illustrates the 1552 drowning of an Anabaptist, Maria von Monjon, for the sin of rebaptizing. Sin abounds!

2B942A0 Marie drowned in Monjou, Anno 1552, Parallel Title: Maria drowned in Monjou in water, Anno 1552, copperplate engraving, 62.), p. 133, Luyken, Jan (inv. et fec.), Jan Luyken:

Old Testament Wisdom Books

The Great Courses offers hundreds of on-line courses featuring skilled professors exploring a wide variety of subjects. We recently stumbled on a course entitled Reading Biblical Literature. The skilled professor/lecturor is Dr. Craig Koester. We have been enjoying one of these lectures most evenings during Lent. Below are the apps leading to free access on the Roku Channel.

One of the thirty or so half hour episodes in Reading Biblical Literature is on Old Testament Wisdom Literature, a subject I know little about. I was inspired to spend a little time on summarizing the key points made by Dr. Koester on the three books he discussed, Proverbs, Ecclesiastics, and Job. Below is what I would characterize as a view from 50,000 feet of the three books.

Reading the Bible

We faithful Catholic Mass attendees may believe that we read Job, Proverbs, and Ecclesiasties at Mass. However, according to data published on the Fr. Felix Just Website, copied below, we read less than 2% of the verses in these books on Sundays and Major Feasts and less than 8% on all Masses. So, we miss a lot if we depend only on the Mass readings. Suggestions and introductions below on easy online access using Biblegateway.com.

Reading Proverbs Online

For the New Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition (NRSVCE), go HERE.

Topics in the Bible Gateway post for ProverbsWarnings Against Evil Companions
The Value of Wisdom
The True Wealth
God’s Wisdom in Creation
The True Security
Parental Advice
Admonition to Keep to the Right Path
Against Impuriituy and Infidelity
Practical Admonitions
False Attractions of Adultery
The Gifts of Wisdom
Wisdom’s Part in Creation
Folly’s Invitation and Promise

Reading Ecclesiastes Online

For quick access to Ecclesiastes in the NRSVCE, go HERE.

Topics in the Bible Gateway post for Ecclesiastes
The Futlity of Seeking Wisdom
The Futility of Self Indulgence
Wisdom and Joy Given to One Who Pleases God
Everything Has it’s Time
The God0Given Task
Judgment and the Future Belong to God
The Value of a Friend
Reverence, Humility, and Contentment
The Fruistration of Desires
A Dissilusioned View of Life
Obey the King and Enjoy Yourself
God’s Ways Are Inscrutable
Take Life as it Comes
Wisdom Superior to Folly
The Value of Digilence
Youth and Old Age

Reading Job Online

For quick access to Job in the NRSV Catholic Edition (NRSVCE), go HERE.

Topics in the Bible Gateway post for Job – Note the hot link on Elihu
Job and His Family
Attack on Job’s Character
Job Loses Property and Children

Attack on Job’s Health

Job’s Three Friends

Job Curses the Day he Was Born
Eliphaz Speaks: Job Has Sinned
Job is Corrected by God
Job Replies: My Complaint is Just
Job: My suffering is Without End
Bildad Speaks: Job Should Repent
Job Replies: There is No Mediator
Job: I Loathe My Life

Zophar Speaks: Job’s Guilt Deserves Punishment
Job Replies: I Am a Laughingstock

Job’s Despondent Prayer
Eliphaz Speaks: Job Undermines Religion
Job Reaffirms His Innocence
Job Prays for Relief
Bildad Speaks: God Punishes the Wicked

Job Replies: I know That My Redeemer Lives
Zophar Speaks: Wickedness Receives Just Retribution
Job Replies: The Wicked Often Go Unpunished
Eliphaz Speaks: Job’s Wickedness is Great
Job Replies: My Complaint is Bitter
Job Complains of Violence on the Earth

Bildad Speaks: How Can a Mortal be Righteous Before God?
Job Replies: God’s Majesty is Unsearchable
Job Maintains His Integrity
Interlude: Where Wisdom Is Found
Job Finishes His Defense
Elihu Rebukes Job’s Friends
Elihu Rebukes Job
Elihu Proclaims God’s Justice
Elihu Condemns Self-Righteousness
Elihu Exalts God’s Goodness
The Lord Answers Job
Job’s Response to God
God’s Challenge to Job
Job Is Humbled and Satisfied

Job’s Friends Are Humiliated
Job’s Fortunes Are Restored Twofold

Summing Up

Hopefully, those topics will whet appetites and result in more folks reading these incredible, divinely inspired documents of a few thousand years ago! They whet mine. I’m as guilty as anyone of failure to carefully read these books.

I do plan to follow my own advice, expecting to find some interesting, challenging, and quotable divinely inspired words along the way. Well, I’ve already learned quite a bit just writing this blog without reading them!


Dramatizing the Old Testament

The Main Point – House of David

Just to get to the point early, the main point of this post is to recommend a new eight-episode series, House of David, available on Amazon Prime. The Free Press describes the series as “a beautiful corrective to a lie that’s seeped into American culture: that Christians see Jews as enemies.”

Episode One included dramatization of an event reported in 1 Samuel 15:32-33: 32 Then Samuel said, “Bring Agag king of the Amalekites here to me.” And Agag came to him haltingly.[a] Agag said, “Surely this is the bitterness of death.”[b] 33 But Samuel said, “As your sword has made women childless, so your mother shall be childless among women.” And Samuel hewed Agag in pieces before the Lord in Gilgal.

My first thought was that the artists had warned that some helpful details had been added to the Bible accounts and that this must be an example of that! Just to check it out I searched “Samuel slays Agag in Bible” and the passage above immediately popped up! The only explanation I have for having no memory of ever reading about the event is that the dramatization has a much stronger impact than that simple 11-word sentence in 1 Samuel.

Later in the evening, I read the interesting story of why such capital punishment had been deemed justified. 1 Samuel 15 offers a good summary. That inspired this post and the book recommendation.

Episode Two depicts a condemned and failing King Saul, and Episode Three dramatizes the anointing of David by Samuel. I’m looking forward to the encounter with Goliath.

Value of Dramatizations

Very common these days are dramatizations “based on a true story.” Sometimes those are very misleading, containing only hints of the true story and loaded with extracurriculars to attract more attention and better ratings. I believe we won’t find that in the recommended House of David.

My favorite Bible dramatization is The Gospel of John, the script being exactly the words in John’s Gospel, nothing added, nothing taken away. Here is the link to a blog post on the subject. It is available now, streaming free on the Roku Chanel and on Amazon Prime.

Both Old Testament House of David and New Testament Gospel of John would be great Lenten enjoyment, inspiration, and education.

Babel

The first eleven chapters of Genesis consist of important pre-historic oral traditions included in the Torah because of divine inspiration. They express the efforts of early humans to understand why things were the way they were, how they came to be, how they were to live.

In the Bible, recorded human history begins in Genesis 12:1-4 – Now the Lord said to Abram, “Go from your country and your kindred and your father’s house to the land that I will show you. I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you, and make your name great, so that you will be a blessing. I will bless those who bless you, and the one who curses you I will curse; and in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed.”[a]So Abram went, as the Lord had told him; and Lot went with him. (NRSCCE)

As my Lutheran Seminary OT/Hebrew professor phrased it, “Recorded human history in the Bible began when God told Abraham to get up and go, and he got up and went.

In a pagan world, those stories recorded in the Torah teach what would have been revolutionary theology, that one God created everything and that it was good, that God loved and cared for his creation, that God created humankind in his spiritual image and expected his love to be returned and shared and his creation cared for, that men and women were to join together and become one in marriage and love and care for each other, that humankind is subject to temptation and always fails to live up to God’s expectations, and that there is a price to be paid for those failures. That is a lot of truth. There is a more detailed summary in an earlier post on this blog.

That is a decent summary of the first ten chapters, but what about Genesis 11:1-9, a short story attempt to explain why the people were scattered all and speaking different languages and therefore unable to cooperate and just didn’t have the power they thought they should have. Their story has God playing a role that shows they have completely forgotten the truths learned about his loving nature and power and are thinking he is afraid of competition from his creation: Genesis 11:5-7 – The Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which mortals had built. And the Lord said, “Look, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and confuse their language there, so that they will not understand one another’s speech.”

The human problem being revealed and condemned here is egotism, humans thinking they are in competition with their Creator and that God fears their power! I believe we can comfortably say that was never true and is an excellent example of words falsely attributed to God in Sacred Scripture. I suppose we can say that it is literally true that the people egotistically thought that God feared them but not true that he said so and acted on it. I guess the writer was thinking of one of those pagan gods and not about God. Recognizing this is an opportunity for better understanding of the Bible. 

We can remember that even the disciples of Jesus, standing face to face with him, often misunderstood what he was trying to tell them so it should not be surprising that many things attributed to God in the Old Testament represented failure to understand and to still think of God as being in their image, like them, rather than understanding that they were created with the possibility of being like God but failing to do so. Even within the Old Testament we find the understanding of divinity progressing from belief in many gods (paganism) to belief in only one god of the many for the Jews (henotheism) to one God period for everybody (monotheism) and from the importance of continuing the pagan practice of animal sacrifices to being told that God was wanting mercy rather than sacrifice (Hosea 6:6).

Some Bible scholars see the Pentecost story in Acts 2 as clear refutation of any suggestion that God prefers we not have the ability to talk to each other. And even then, there was misunderstanding: “All were amazed and perplexed, saying to one another, “What does this mean?” 13 But others sneered and said, “They are filled with new wine.” – Acts 2:12-13

As usual, one man’s opinion. Comments and suggestions welcome.

Twelve Theological Truths

Twelve Torah-Rooted Theological Truths

  1. There is one and only one God. (A radical idea at the time considering the multitude of gods typically worshipped in Biblical times. Exodus 20:1-8)
  2. God created the universe and all that is in it. (We don’t know how He did that, but scientific investigation has revealed much about how it works, how miraculous it is, and how it could not have happened by accident. If evolution is the key (and I believe it is), it is because God created evolution.)
  3. God’s creation was and is good. (Genesis 1:31 – Though certainly subject to abuse and misuse by us.)
  4. God is gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love. (Exodus 34:6 – Clearly seen in the stories of his dealing with his chosen people, Abraham and his descendants, loving and caring for them in spite of their grumbling and disobedience.)
  5. God is personal for each of us and calls us for various purposes, all aimed at the final goal, that “all nations of the earth shall be blessed.”  (Genesis 18:18)
  6. We human creatures, created “in the image of God,” have free will and are responsible for responding to and cooperating with God’s call. (We will find ourselves wandering in the wilderness until we respond appropriately, and we will stumble and err even after that.)
  7. We are to love God and neighbor and received a few simple rules just to get us started on the right path. (Check out the Ten Commandments, to be later elaborated on and explained by Jesus.)
  8. We human creatures have dominion over the earth and are responsible for the understanding, care, and proper use of it. (Genesis 1:27-29)
  9. Marriage is instituted by God, and the resulting family is important. (Genesis 2:21-23; Exodus 20:12)
  10. We are to avoid hoarding and share what we have with those in need. (Leviticus 19:9-10)
  11. We are to be holy, set aside for God’s purposes and obedient to his commands. (Leviticus 20:26)
  12. Faith or trust in God is the key to spiritual peace and contentment. (Genesis 12:1-5 God told Abraham to get up and go, and Abraham got up and went.  Romans 4:3)

(Originally posted 8/4/21 in stpetersmpg)